The technique of optimal design of the recovery systems for the bearing capacity of timber beams using prosthetics with steel spatial systems is considered. This task is relevant for the reconstruction of cultural heritage sites that have damaged structural structures made of wood. Rational solutions are discrete sets of variable parameters using a micro genetic algorithm that uses, unlike the classical scheme of evolutionary modeling, only the operator of an adaptive multi-point mutation. The objective function is formed with the possibility of taking into account the priorities for the implementation of both the one-off costs for the device of prosthetics and the costs of operation during the exploitation period. An example of beam prosthesis is given where the required strength and rigidity of the structure is provided with the help of a restorative supporting and preventively installed span prosthesis.

The flat girder, reinforced by additional struts and braces is considered.Displays the exact analytical dependence of the deflection of statically determinate trusses from its size, load and number of panels. Considered uniform loading on the upper belt, bottom and a concentrated force at Midspan. To determine the forces in the bars the method of cutting out nodes, implemented in a program written in the computer mathematics system Maple is used. Generalization of the solution for an arbitrary number of panels produced by the method of induction. The recurrence equation that satisfies the sequence of coefficients is detected. Solution is obtained in the system of computer mathematics. The dependence of the deflection of the panels has an extremum , which allows to optimize the design for a weight. A formula for forces in the most compression and tie rods are found. Analyzes the asymptotic properties of the solutions.

In connection with the strategic importance of the development of high-speed traffic in Russia, it is necessary to thoroughly study the problem of the impact of high-speed rolling stock on the superstructure and artificial structures. The article deals with the impact of high-speed rolling load on beams for the purpose of determining the impact of high-speed rolling stock on the superstructure of the track and design of immersed tunnels. Using the Green's function, the Fourier transform, and the theory of residues, we determine the general form of the dependence of the deflections in the beam on the velocity of the load. An example of the determination of a stress-strain state and critical speed for a beam with use of the regularities obtained in the course of the study is considered. It was revealed that when the railway track is located on soft soils, taking into account the current level of technical development, it is possible to achieve critical speeds. The effects of increasing the vibrations, manifested when the rolling stock reaches critical speeds, can be dangerous and require detailed study.

The article shows that the reduced geometric rigidity of cross sections in the form of a regular polygon with free torsion of the rod is functionally related to the integral geometric arguments characterizing the shape of the cross-section, the form factor and the ratio of the conformal radii. The article considers the comparison of the reputed in the reference and science literature values of the normalized geometrical stiffness of cross-sections in the form of regular polygons at simple bar torsion, with this parameter corresponding values, obtained with the usage of integral geometric cross-sections arguments - form factor and conformal radii relation. In the first instance the constructed approximating function yields to the known values accurate to 1% and in the second instance to 0,5%. The obtained results can be used in calculating the geometric torsional rigidity of the rod structural elements.

Architects, designing shells, use in their projects, as a rule, geometrical forms well proved themselves, that constitute 5 - 10 % from the surfaces known to geometricians. But there is well known surface of revolution which has a great popularity at mathematicians - geometricians from the 19 ^th century till present time, but it is unknown practically to architects and designers. There are no examples of its application in building industry. It is a pseudospherical surface. Total curvature K = k ₁ k ₂ at all points of the pseudospherical surface with the a radius of its edge is equal to the constant negative number K = -1/a ² . Pseudosphere or Beltrami’ surface is formed by rotation of the tractrix, evolvent of the chain line. In the manuscript, a review of the known methods of analysis of pseudospherical shells is presented and stress-strain state of the shells of revolution having the same geometrical parameters is studied for the determination of optimal forms. A list of the used references containing 32 names helps to find the additional information.

The strength and deformation characteristics of concrete increase with volumetric stress state under lateral reduction conditions. In real constructions a volumetric stress state can be created by an indirect reinforcement device that limits the development of transverse deformations. The article presents a technique for constructing a curvilinear compression diagram for concrete reinforced by indirect reinforcement in the form of transverse welded meshes. The formulas for calculating the characteristic points of the diagram are presented: the stress and strain at the end of the ascending branch; strain and ultimate deformations at the end of the descending branch. The results of compression tests of more than 300 rectangular prism samples with indirect reinforcement were considered and the best convergence of the proposed formulas is shown in comparison with SP 63.13330.2012 on most strength characteristics ranges. The rising portion of the diagram is assumed to be curvilinear and is described by a polynomial of the fourth degree. The descending section is straightforward. The parameters of indirect reinforcement which ensure the convergence of the calculated strength with the results of the experiments were also revealed.

Research on finding of optimal parameters of compressed members of flat and space rod bearing steel structures is shown. For hinged ends rods an analysis of variability of critical force depending on the ratio of shear sections and their relative lengths. Identified global minimum of the objective function of the volume of the rod. The obtained correlation allowed defining the range of the field of rational solutions for practical use. Designed using developed algorithm of engineering optimal parameters compressed rods of variable stiffness of thin-walled pipes of circle section. Numerical investigations conducted health proposed algorithm. An example of calculation, confirming correctness of techniques. Showed a significant effect (up to 14%) savings in material consumption compared to rods of uniform cross-sections.

The article proposes calculation method for determining a width of horizontal strip of soaked collapsible soil in deep levels of soil massive after which the collapsible deformation begins to appear. Soaking of soil leads to two mechanical processes - releasing of vertical pressure in soils inside the stripe and forming of released arch in soil massive above the stripe by arching over it. Calculation method of decrease in vertical pressure in the soil before soaking is defined by special lab methodology during conducting of engineer and geological research of construction field. A height of formed over the stripe arch is calculated by formula of Protodiyakonova M.M. Joint comparative analysis of the formula of remained vertical pressure in soaked soils and the formula of pressure on the stripe created by weight of soils inside the arch allows to define the formula of a width of the stripe under which collapsible deformations of soaked soils will occur.

In designing of wooden structures, the problem of calculating and constructing composite elements is frequent. This need arises both in the reconstruction of existing buildings and structures, and in the design of new ones. However, often the use of traditional steel rods as shear bonds is unacceptable or undesirable due to the risk of corrosion. The article presents the results of numerical and experimental studies of a composite beam with glued-in shear links of fiberglass reinforcement. In the course of the research, a comparative analysis of the operation of the integral element and the composite one is carried out, the efficiency of the polymer composite reinforcement and its effect on the rigidity of the structure is determined.

The article describes the methods of reliability analysis for the soil basis by criterion of deformation (settlement) of the foundation before the reconstruction of a structure at a stage of operation and after reconstruction with additional deformations of soil base by SP 22.13330.2011. Methods of reliability analysis of the soil bases by the settlement criterion is based on the possibility theory (in extremely small amount of statistical information on controlled parameters), and combined (possibility-probabilistic) method of reliability analysis with a larger amount of statistical information. Examples of reliability analysis in case of limited statistical information of controlled parameters in design mathematical model of limit state are given. Article can be considered as a manual for estimation of a possibility of reconstruction of a structure with increase in load on the soil base.

The role of urban green spaces is revealed from the position of realization of functions of biosphere-compatible city as one of the fundamental principles of creation of favorable and comfortable urban environment. The article analyzes the main problems associated with the organization of green areas in the urban environment in the implementation of paired functions "life Support" and "Connection with nature". Provides a gradation of systems of greenery in the planning of the urban structure on four levels of urban planning on the example of the city Orel. Problems of point building are analyzed and modern methods of formation of zones of ecological comfort in the cities with dense building are offered. The results of the study can serve as a basis for the development of proposals and recommendations for the reconstruction of urban development and renovation of the urban environment on the basis of the symbiotic relationship of the biosphere and the city and human development.

The urban development trends identification is an urgent task, since it allows analyzing city-forming and hail-forming processes at certain time intervals. The trends analysis is related to a several cause-and-effect events comprehensive assessment, which may reflect, in the aggregate, the object development direction. This paper is devoted to event-based methods of studying the urban environment by the large Russian cities example, based on the trends analysis as complex joint events that characterize changes in indicative indicators. On the statistical data basis and direct calculation of the observing events probabilities the relationship between Russian cities urban development and socio-economic development is assessed. It is shown how, on the basis of studying events and determining their probabilities, socio-economic objects group behavior can be analyzed.

The article is devoted to solve problems of energy efficiency, ecological safety with the using of green roof on on the surface of public buildings. In conditions of strong pollution in cities and environmental pollution, problems of efficient use of energy resources there is great necessity of an application of environmental and technological systems arises as a method of solving these problems. Briefly the history of exploited green roofs and its evolution over the last three decades is presented. The results and comparison of thermal analysis of buildings for public use in two options: cold-insulated roof and operated "green roofs" for two completed projects of buildings in Moscow are presented. The article presents a comparative thermal computation of community building roofs in two options: an insulated unexploited roof and an exploited green roof. The expediency of application of "green roofs" technology in cities for preserving stability climate of the city for health and long-term employability of citizens is shown.

Interest in insulation materials with heat conductivity not more than 0.25 W/(m• ^o C), primarily associated with changes in the standards for thermo-technical parameters for walling. Production and consumption of such thermal insulation materials in Russia is much less than in Europe and North America, despite the fact that in many countries the climate is much milder. Heat-insulating materials should have high porosity. The presence of pores isometric and oval shape of the closed porosity in the insulation materials give them mechanical strength, and the presence of slit-like pores involves the incomplete completion of the sintering process. Innovative proposals on the use of carbon-rich waste in the production of heat-insulating materials, the novelty of which is confirmed by 4 Patents of the Russian Federation, have been developed.

The issue of the influence of the size and geometry of the grains of crushed stone on the formation of the conglomerate structure of cement concrete and, accordingly, the potential for its resistance to fracture in terms of the deformation modulus, limiting compressibility, fracture strength, compressive strength. It is analytically shown that the size of aggregate grains and their shape predetermine not only the packing density and the voidness of the rigid spatial framework of concrete, but also the type of contact interaction of grains, the anisotropy and clusterization index of the structure, the surface area of the intercomponent interface in the matrix-inclusion system, the type of carburizing structure and size of the intergranular gap. The mechanism of influence is discussed in relation to the variable macrostructure of concrete, which determines the processes and characteristics of accumulation, dissipation, localization and concentration of stresses in its structural structural connections. In the experiments carried out by the method providing data on the dependence of the structural properties of concrete on the parameters of the structure being formed when the grain size is varied in the interval from 2.5 to 40 mm, empirical relationships are established. The analysis of empirical relations and the practical recommendations that follow from them are given.