The article presents some aspects of the development of the theory of constructing design schemes for long pile groups with end spherical broadening and results of their numerical analysis of the load capacity of piles with end broadening in comparison with the operation of piles without widening in the Bush. As a result of a numerical analysis of the bearing capacity of piles with end broadenings in a comparative calculation with the work of piles without broadening in the bush, it was revealed that vertical and horizontal stresses in the soil mass increase with a decrease in the pitch of piles with broadenings in the group. The direction of development of deformations (compaction) of the soil and its ejection from the heel and body of the pile with and without end broadening with a pitch of piles in the bush equal to 6 d show that the ejection of the soil affected the change in the initial physical and mechanical characteristics of the base.

Based on the analysis of scientific and normative literature, modern types and design solutions of vertical joints of large-panel buildings are considered, their main advantages and disadvantages are given. The features of determining the compliance of vertical joints on embedded parts as a complex, multi-factorial dependence on the combination of flexibility of the structural elements of the joint, namely, the flexibility of embedded parts of mating wall panels, the flexibility of connecting elements and the flexibility of welded joints, are considered. Examples of determining the compliance of embedded parts of wall panels and the compliance of the connecting elements (patch plates) by analytical methods under the action of a shear force, with various designs of embedded parts are given. The results of experimental investigations of the compliance of welded joints on the embedded parts are presented and analyzed.

The article considers the basic prerequisites for the calculation of reinforced concrete structures based on the deformation model. The main features and calculation options are indicated. Deformation diagrams have been selected to calculate reinforced concrete beams, including those using indirect reinforcement of the compressed zone. The work of concrete in the stretched area after the formation of normal cracks is taken into account by switching to the diagram of the average deformation of the reinforcement σ _sm -ε _sm by introducing the coefficient ψ _s into the calculations. For three series of reinforced concrete beams the results of calculating the curvature in the zone of pure bending with the coefficient ψ _s and without are presented. Comparison with the results of the experiments is shown.

The results of modeling the stress state, nonlinear deformation and crack resistance of the concrete contact joint of a composite reinforced structure are presented. The simulation was performed by the finite element method in displacements using the SCAD and the Lira FEM software systems. The linear normal and shear forces along the contact joint, the load of crack formation in the joint elements, and the reduced linear shear stiffness in the joint at the beginning of loading and after crack formation numerically calculated. The results of comparative analysis of calculations of values using volume finite elements, approximate analytical dependencies and experimental testing of composite structures as well as numerical studies of the influence of geometric parameters of the contact joint on the change of the stress-strain state in the contact seam are presented.

The article presents the method for assessing bending stiffness by dynamic testing using an example of the experienced metal frame. The source of forced oscillations during dynamic tests was a modal vibration exciter in the form of a mechanical oscillator with stepwise frequency control. The results of determining the natural frequencies of the frame, the frequency of forced oscillations of the exciter and logarithmic damping decrement are shown. Dynamic force and dynamic coefficient were calculated. Stiffness evaluation of the frame elements was carried out in comparison with its theoretical value specified in the finite element model. The model was compiled in the LIRA-SAPR design software 2013. For the frame elements, the curvature of a bend shape was calculated from experimental and model data. The experimental stiffness of elements on average was 8.81% less than the theoretical. The proposed approach allows realizing non-destructive testing of a bending stiffness of a structure at the measurement site.

The natural terrain is an important factor in the formation and development of the natural and ecological framework of the territory of any city and has its own characteristics of influence. A number of Russian cities are implementing the development of a natural and ecological framework, including in long-established urbanized territories. At the same time, not enough attention is paid to complex scientific studies of the recreational potential of the natural terrain in relation to the impact on the formation of the natural and ecological framework of the city. It is noted that the territories within urban boundaries with a wide variety of terrain types have the highest recreational and aesthetic qualities. The owner of this type of terrain is the city of Bryansk. This allows us to consider this city as a model for conducting research. A method for analyzing the formation and development of the natural and ecological framework of the city territory with complex terrain is proposed. The territory of Bryansk was used as a model for the study.

Public spaces become actual under new social political and cultural opinions and change of humanitarian and technological paradigm. Foreign and native practice of the last decades is rich in projects of urban squares and streets landscape reconstructions. Public spaces have ever been places of state holidays, anniversary ceremonials, military parades, demonstration and manifestations. Therefore, they are direct carriers of ideological and memorial senses. Investigation of representative and memorial parts of public spaces helps to determine possible ways of memorial architecture phenomenon evolution.

The paper deals with phase change materials and ways to use them in building envelopes as heat storage units absorbing heat loads while in operation of buildings and structures. In terms of thermal protection, envelopes of enclosure provide comfortable parameters of the microclimate of buildings as well as hygiene and sanitary conditions at a given thermal energy consumption, both in cold and heat surplus period. As a rule, the development of specified microclimate buildings parameters is maintained by means of increasing the total thickness of wall structures in traditional construction. As a result, it causes the decrease of premises useful space and load increase affected load-bearing elements of the building. Thus, the choice of an effective means of wall structure, which has relatively small mass, high thermal characteristics for designers, builders and maintenance services, seems to be an urgent task. Building envelopes under consideration are based on the principles of thermodynamics, the laws of heat balance and thermal energy conservation. Based on considered options connected with building envelopes with phase state materials, which have received theoretical and practical concern in the construction field, solutions for their development have been proposed. The systematization of heat-storage materials with regard to their class and main characteristics allowed us to determine their use for specific applications in construction, to set a concept for the further development of energy-efficient and safe buildings, according to the purpose and type of the building envelope. The development of building envelopes with phase change materials stipulates for an integrated approach to design, taking into account cooperation and physicochemical properties of the materials used.

A scheme of the program management system for creating new technologies in the design of construction projects is proposed. Within the framework of the general paradigm of bio-sphere-compatible technologies developed by the RAASN, a variant of a level model for the implementation of modernization programs for the construction industry at the design stage is proposed, as one of the directions for the development of modern systems and digital computer-aided design technologies. The main feature of the proposed model is the measurability of performance indicators for the implementation of such programs, increased transparency of design decisions when modernizing the industry to create a safe and comfortable living environment in urban areas.

The article discusses options for technical solutions to increase the level of thermal protection of buildings and reduce the cost of their operation when interacting infiltration and exfiltration flows of moisture in enclosing structures. An analysis of the dynamics of efflorescences in the winter period indicates an increase in chemical processes at the contact of the facing verst and the insulation layer, in which slag accounts for 60-65%. These water soluble salts migrate to the freezing front. However, the reason for the accelerated migration in the winter is the exfiltration of warm moist air through the unsealed joints of the stoned panels during the installation of the stairwell. Also in the parapet, the largest efflorescence is due to the penetration of vaporous moisture through a monolithic reinforced concrete ceiling into the insulation layer, and from there into the brickwork of the parapet. Studies of heat and mass transfer, moisture transfer in various designs have shown that the combination of the interaction of infiltration and exfiltration leads to large heat losses and a deterioration in the thermal regime and indoor microclimate. Thus, the survey results showed that efflorescence is an important indicator of additional heat loss of buildings and structures, and the use of effective heat-insulating materials is not always enough. Errors and defects in the design and construction of structures and natural ventilation systems have a direct effect on reducing the thermal efficiency of exterior fencing.

As a necessary boundary condition, certain supply temperatures have to be maintained in order to provide sufficient thermal energy effectively. In order to ensure the quality of the thermal service (e.g. domestic hot water (DHW) needing to be supplied at 60°С), a district heating (DH) is usually regulated under two control levels. The first level is named the centralized control; this level functions at the heat sources, which controls the primary supply temperature and then rotation of a pump rotor varies to meet the heating load variations of a building (second level). The coefficient of mixing of the elevator is defined as the ratio between the water flow delivered from a DH network to the building and the DH network flow rate. We outline the overall framework workflow, beginning with identifying the study region, selecting promising locations of sufficient population size to warrant DH/CHP investment, assessing future heat demand, costs of reconstructing a boiler plant or expanding an existing DH network. We found what commercial software and non-linear equations staff uses (1) to model and analyze various values for controlling the supply temperature, effect of outdoor temperature and (2) to evaluate water flow. The values suggested in the Russian Regulations on the utility services (approved by the Decision No. 354 of the Government of the Russian Federation of 6 May 2011) include the efficiency of regulation, indoor and DHW temperature but not DH network flow rates. The risks that can threaten a DH company when individual homeowners implement heating system improvements increasing flow rates are especially high for a single-family house. About 10..15% of heat power is considered as a loss in the conversion from DH to a space heating (SH) system and is therefore not available at the balance. Another problem is the local control; this level functions at each heating substation, which controls the SH supply temperature and secondary pump speed to satisfy the variable heating load of the heat consumers. This situation is compounded by the faulty adjusting the control valve of at the SH side. A further reduction of the flow rate is therefore difficult without legally profound interventions in the district heating substations. In each hydraulic branch, it may consume some extent of water pressure head which is defined as “excess head”; part of the available head necessarily consumed by local throttle valves is defined as “available head” (at least 15 metres of water). Because reductions in the supply temperature or pressure lead to uncomfortable conditions for consumers, it is common for Russian DH companies to make recalculations according to the hot water parameters they deliver to a substation. We also show the investment required for residential and commercial oil/natural gas furnaces/boilers and DH equipment for three scenarios. The actual savings realised by a DH company depend on the price structure of the competing companies. The analysis concludes that all either natural gas or oil based local heating equipment should be replaced by DH.