Arranging OF THROUGH OPENINGS IN THE STONE VAULT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problem of arranging through openings in the stone vaults of reconstructed building structures. The need for such openings arises in connection with the use of new communication and engineering systems in opening cases and laying, for example, elevators, plumbing equipment, water supply systems, ventilation, etc. An analysis is made of the severity of the state of a stone wall with a rectangular and checked openings, as well as a study of anisotropy the strength of the stone lining on its bearing capacity in the presence of openings. It is noted that the use of the device of openings is possible with a compromise between the requirements of the project, the allowable sizes, shapes and locations of openings in the vaults, and the likelihood of their use. For this purpose, a detailed analysis of the complex acute condition of the vaults using modern software systems is required. In this case, special attention should be paid to minimizing tensile strains that cause cracks, especially at the corners of rectangular openings. There are cases associated with the detection of violations in difficult conditions of the stress state of blood coagulation in the presence of openings. Use examples of the practical implementation of through openings in the main cylindrical and cross stone vaults with a detailed analysis of their state of sharpness, as well as a study of the bearing capacity. It is emphasized that the most common manifestations of openings are minor tense sections of vaults, for example, stripping due to the proximity of walls under them. The elimination of vaults weakened by openings is analyzed. Preference is given to their reinforcement or reinforcement using reinforced concrete belts. Technological aspects of making openings are discussed. Attention is also drawn to monitoring the progress of openings.