PERSPECTIVES OF THE PASSIVE SOLAR ARCHITECTURE OF THE SOUTH RUSSIA

For areas with a large number of sunny days per year (the southern regions of the Russian Federation have 2000 sunny days per year), the energy efficiency of buildings can be significantly improved through the use of the strategy of passive solar heating. This strategy is universally applicable for low-rise and partly for multi-storey new and reconstructed buildings and can be implemented by designers in order to reduce the consumption of non-renewable energy sources for heating and cooling of the building. For convenience in the design of buildings and structures and, in particular, the calculation of heat loss and energy efficiency class, maps of the isolines of the heating degree days and solar radiation of the Southern Federal District have been developed. At present, the issues of improving environmental safety and reducing the technogenic impact of human activities in the construction sector, saving non-renewable resources, developing renewable energy sources are urgent. The essence of "green architecture" is the use of natural and local building materials, taking into account the historical roots and, if possible, the design of buildings with a large proportion of passive solar energy in the energy balance of the building. In the architecture of a passive low-energy house, three systems of passive solar heating of a building can be present: direct solar heating (through windows), solar space (a greenhouse, a conservatory, a winter garden, an atrium) and an air collector. The assessment of the advantages of a passive solar system in terms of excess specific heat energy due to solar heating during the heating season in the climatic conditions of the Crimea proposed in the article. For convenience in the design of buildings and structures and, in particular, the calculation of heat loss and energy efficiency class, maps of the isolines of the heating period and the maps of the isolines of solar radiation in the Southern Federal District have been developed. An algorithm for the formation of solar shading devices using the model of the daily solar cone is proposed. The use of passive solar technology is a simple and low-cost way to conserve nature, and to generate energy. The strategy of passive solar heating dictates special approaches in architectural design of buildings ("green" architecture) for the purpose of their cooling and heating. The task of cooling the building is, first of all, the task of architecture, which significantly reduces the cost of electricity for air conditioning. Only an integrated approach to the design and calculation of buildings can give a result corresponding to the real class of the energy efficiency.

Energy efficiency of buildings, passive solar heating and cooling, environmental safety, reduced consumption of fossil fuels, maps of the heating degree days, maps of solar radiation

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