The specifics of the post-war reconstruction of the historical center of Voronezh (1943-1959)

This article discusses the aspects of the formation and modernization of historical morphotypes of the block development of the central part of Voronezh during the post-war reconstruction (1945-1950-ies). The hypothesis is put forward about the importance in the present architectural and urban studies of ontological knowledge of the main stages of modernization of the architectural and planning structure of the modern historical urban center, including in the process of creating the principles of its functional and spatial organization. 

The object of this study is thearchitectural and urban planning environment of the historical center of Voronezh that has developed by the time of the post-war reconstruction period. A systematic retrospective analysis of the architectural and planning structure of Voronezh is carried out: the external and internal factors determining the principles of reconstruction of the historical urban center during the post-war restoration of the USSR as a complex multilevel object of the "population and environment" type are identified and fixed in accordance with the identified factors of the boundaries of the study; the parameters of the studied territory are systematized in a certain time period at various hierarchical levels, and the fund of successive historical and urban values expressed in material, spatial and functional equivalents is determined.

As a result of this study, the stable architectural and urban planning trends of spatial and functional modernization of the studied territory during the post-war reconstruction of Voronezh are determined, which are necessary for the organization of a correct reconstruction process at the present time. The historical-architectural and urban planning analysis carried out on the basis of historicalarchival and bibliographic studies allowed us to form a typology of historical morphotypes of the city's buildings. Voronezh in the period of post-war reconstruction, as well as to identify extreme modernizations that carry a historical and cultural code. The system principles of the post-war reconstruction of the architectural and planning structure in two directions have been formed, differentiated on the basis of typological groups of planning elements of the functional and spatial organization ofthe urban center identified as a result of the systematic approach in the period under consideration.

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