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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">construction</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Строительство и реконструкция</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Building and Reconstruction</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7416</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Орловский государственный университет имени И.С. Тургенева</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33979/2073-7416-2025-119-3-7-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">construction-919</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРИЯ ИНЖЕНЕРНЫХ СООРУЖЕНИЙ. СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORY OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURES. BUILDING UNITS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка влияния поверхностных слоёв грунта с нелинейными свойствами на параметры спектров максимальных реакций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the influence of surface soil layers with nonlinear properties on the parameters of maximum response spectra</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбацкий</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbatsky</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Курбацкий Евгений Николаевич - Академик РАТ, доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры «Мосты и тоннели»,</p><p>г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny N. Kurbatsky - Academician of the Russian Academy of Transport, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor at the "Bridges and Tunnels" Department,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dynamic.miit@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пестрякова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pestryakova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пестрякова Екатерина Алексеевна - Кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры «Мосты и тоннели»,</p><p>г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Pestryakova - PhD in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor at the "Bridges and Tunnels" Department,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kate.pestriakova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хуссейн</surname><given-names>А. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hussein</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хуссейн Алрмиш Шахд - Аспирант кафедры «Мосты и тоннели»,</p><p>г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Hussein Alrmish Shahd - Postgraduate Student at the "Bridges and Tunnels" Department,</p><p> Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shahdalrmish@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет транспорта (РУТ (МИИТ)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Transport (RUT (MIIT)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Курбацкий Е.Н., Пестрякова Е.А., Хуссейн А.Ш., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Курбацкий Е.Н., Пестрякова Е.А., Хуссейн А.Ш.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kurbatsky E.N., Pestryakova E.A., Hussein A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://construction.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/919">https://construction.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/919</self-uri><abstract><p>Описаны способы задания исходных сейсмических воздействий в современных нормативных документах разных стран. Сейсмическое воздействие задаётся в виде спектров максимальных для скальных или жёстких грунтов. Для учёта локальных геологических условий используются поправочные грунтовые коэффициенты, которые не всегда правильно описывают усиление колебаний. Разработана методика, позволяющая учитывать влияние мягких слоёв грунта с учётом нелинейного поведения на параметры спектров максимальных реакций. Учёт нелинейного поведения грунта выполняется с помощью итерационного нелинейного метода эквивалентного нелинейному. При построении методики используются метод решения задач теории упругости и строительной механики, основанный на свойствах спектров Фурье финитных функций.</p><p>Для двухслойного массива грунта, расположенного на коренной породе, получена система уравнений для вычисления коэффициентов усиления спектров максимальных реакций поверхностными слоями грунтов, позволяющее более точно оценивать локальные инженерно-геологические условия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The methods of setting initial seismic effects in co-modern normative documents of different countries are described. The seismic impact is specified in the form of maximum spectra for rocky or rigid soils. To take into account local geological conditions, correction ground coefficients are used, which do not always correctly describe the amplification of vibrations. A methodology has been developed that makes it possible to take into account the influence of soft soil layers with consideration of nonlinear behavior on the parameters of the maximum response spectra. The nonlinear behavior of the ground is taken into account by means of an iterative nonlinear method equivalent to the nonlinear method. The method of solving problems of elasticity theory and structural mechanics based on the properties of Fourier spectra of finite functions is used in the construction of the method.</p><p>For a two-layer soil massif located on the bedrock, a system of equations for calculating the amplification coefficients of the spectra of maximum reactions by surface layers of soils is obtained, which allows to estimate local engineering geological conditions more accurately.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спектры максимальных реакций</kwd><kwd>спектры Фурье финитных функций</kwd><kwd>коэффициенты усиления</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>maximum response spectra</kwd><kwd>Fourier spectra of finite functions</kwd><kwd>coefficients of amplification</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ASCE Standard ASCE/SEI 7-10. 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