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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">construction</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Строительство и реконструкция</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Building and Reconstruction</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7416</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Орловский государственный университет имени И.С. Тургенева</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33979/2073-7416-2025-118-2-14-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">construction-879</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРИЯ ИНЖЕНЕРНЫХ СООРУЖЕНИЙ. СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORY OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURES. BUILDING UNITS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стержневые и сетчатые оболочечные структуры в XXI-м веке</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Grid and Reticulated Shell Structures in the 21st Century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривошапко</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivoshapko</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кривошапко Сергей Николаевич - Доктор технических наук, профессор. Профессор-консультант.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sn_krivoshapko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>«The Peoples' Friendship University of Russia»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кривошапко С.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кривошапко С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krivoshapko S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://construction.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/879">https://construction.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/879</self-uri><abstract><p>Основой для создания структурных конструкций является структурно организованное пространство. В статье приводится классификация структурных конструкций по типу геометрических систем, лежащих в их основе и по назначению стержневых оболочечных систем. Кратко описывается история возникновения структурных конструкций, начало которой было положено возведением Эйфелевой башни в Париже в 1889 году или ещё раньше, когда началось изготовление в промышленном масштабе прокатных профилей в 1867 году. На конкретных примерах показывается, что сетчатые оболочечные структуры в последние годы применяют чаще, чем железобетонные тонкостенные оболочки. Особое внимание в статье уделяется стержневым, сетчатым и сетчато-стержневым оболочечным структурам, построенным за последние25 лет. Показывается, что стержневые и сетчатые оболочечные структуры построены за это время почти во всех странах, за исключением единичных регионов мира. Дается краткая информация по прочностному расчету стержневых и сетчатых оболочечных структур, их геометрии и материалу. В настоящее время идут интенсивные исследования этих структур в разных направлениях. Основные направления исследований направлены на уточнение методов прочностного расчета, на формирование оптимальных ячеек и поиск новых материалов стержней.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Structurally organized space is the base for creation of structural design. In a paper, classification of structural erections on geometrical systems, lying in their base, and on purpose of grid shell systems. The history of the appearance of structural erections, the beginning of which was put by the erection of the Eiffel tower in Paris in 1889, is described briefly. Maybe it was earlier, when manufacturing of rolled products began in industrial scale in 1867. It is shown on concrete examples that net shell structures are used at the last years more often than reinforces concrete thin-walled shells. Special attention is given to grid, net, and net-and grid shell structures that were erected at the last 25 years. It is shown that at this time, grid and net shell structures were erected almost in all country except for single regions of the World. Brief information is presented on stress analysis of grid and net shell structures, their geometry, and materials. Now, intensive research of these structures in different directions are carried out. The main directions of research are directed at more accurate definition to the methods of strength analysis, to formation of optimal meshes, and to discovery of grid materials and covering materials.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стержневая пространственная структура</kwd><kwd>сетчатая пространственная структура</kwd><kwd>ребристо-кольцевой купол</kwd><kwd>сетчатый металлический купол</kwd><kwd>типы стержневых структур</kwd><kwd>классификация стержневых оболочечных структур</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>space grid structure</kwd><kwd>net space structure</kwd><kwd>curvilinear structural system</kwd><kwd>rib-and-ring dome</kwd><kwd>net metal dome</kwd><kwd>types of grid structures</kwd><kwd>classification of grid shell structures</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сысоева Е.В. 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