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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">construction</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Строительство и реконструкция</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Building and Reconstruction</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7416</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Орловский государственный университет имени И.С. Тургенева</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33979/2073-7416-2025-118-2-4-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">construction-878</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРИЯ ИНЖЕНЕРНЫХ СООРУЖЕНИЙ. СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORY OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURES. BUILDING UNITS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Модель расчета параметров предельных состояний железобетонных конструкций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Model For Calculating the Limit State Parameters of Reinforced Concrete Structures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колчунов</surname><given-names>Вл. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolchunov</surname><given-names>Vl. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колчунов Владимир Иванович - НИУ МГСУ, Член-корреспондент РААСН, доктор технических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры инженерной графики и компьютерного моделирования НИИСФ РААСН. Главный научный сотрудник.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kolchunov Vladimir Iv. - NIU MGSU, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, doctor of technical sciences, professor, professor of the Department of Engineering Graphics and Computer Modeling. SRI of Construction Physics of the RAA and Construction Sciences.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vlik52@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный строительный университет (НИУ МГСУ); Научно-исследовательский институт строительной физики Российской академии архитектуры и строительных наук (НИИСФ)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University, MGSU); Research Institute of Building Physics, Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF)&#13;
Moscow</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колчунов В.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колчунов В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolchunov V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://construction.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/878">https://construction.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/878</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье на основе анализа и обобщения исследований закономерностей деформирования железобетона с трещинами приведена методология расчета раскрытия трещин с использованием установленного автором эффекта железобетона - как результата воздействия арматуры на деформации берегов магистральной трещины при ее раскрытии. Показано, что при нарушении сплошности растянутой бетонной матрицы и деформировании берегов бетона в трещине, пересекаемой растянутым арматурным стержнем, изменяется профиль трещины и соответственно ее раскрытие на уровне арматурного стержня. Раскрытие единичной или магистральной трещины моделируется так называемым универсальным двухконсольным элементом (ДКЭ), который позволяет учитывать отмеченный деформационный эффект и объединить деформационные параметры, используемые в традиционной теории железобетона и механики разрушения железобетона. Податливость ДКЭ связана как с ее раскрытием, так и с перемещениями всей железобетонной конструкции и ее обобщенной жесткостью. Показано, что деформации бетона в около арматурной зоне меняют знак от растяжения к сжатию и это качественно изменяет картину относительных взаимных смещений бетона и арматуры на участках между трещинами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Based on the analysis and generalization of research on the deformation behavior of cracked reinforced concrete, the article presents a methodology for calculating crack width using the author’s established reinforced concrete effect—resulting from the influence of reinforcement on the deformation of the crack edges during crack opening. It is shown that when the continuity of the tensile concrete matrix is disrupted and the crack edges deform under the action of an intersecting tensile reinforcement bar, the crack profile and, consequently, its width at the reinforcement level change. The opening of a single or main crack is modeled using a so-called universal double-cantilever element (DCE), which accounts for the described deformation effect and combines the deformation parameters used in traditional reinforced concrete theory and fracture mechanics of reinforced concrete. The compliance of the DCE is related both to crack opening and to the displacements of the entire reinforced concrete structure and its generalized stiffness. It is demonstrated that the deformations of concrete in the reinforcement-adjacent zone change from tension to compression, qualitatively altering the pattern of relative mutual displacements of concrete and reinforcement between cracks.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эффект железобетона</kwd><kwd>гипотезы</kwd><kwd>принципы</kwd><kwd>железобетона. двухконсольный элемент</kwd><kwd>изотропная среда</kwd><kwd>механика разрушения</kwd><kwd>раскрытия - закрытия трещин</kwd><kwd>жесткость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reinforced concrete effect</kwd><kwd>hypotheses</kwd><kwd>principles</kwd><kwd>reinforced concrete</kwd><kwd>cantilever element</kwd><kwd>isotropic medium</kwd><kwd>fracture mechanics</kwd><kwd>crack opening-closing</kwd><kwd>stiffness</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондаренко В.М., Колчунов Вл.И. 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