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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">construction</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Строительство и реконструкция</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Building and Reconstruction</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7416</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Орловский государственный университет имени И.С. Тургенева</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33979/2073-7416-2024-111-1-14-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">construction-690</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРИЯ ИНЖЕНЕРНЫХ СООРУЖЕНИЙ. СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORY OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURES. BUILDING UNITS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблема раскрытия трещин в железобетоне</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The problem of crack opening in reinforced concrete</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колчунов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolchunov</surname><given-names>Vl. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колчунов Владимир Иванович, Член-корреспондент РААСН, доктор технических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры инженерной графики и компьютерного моделирования; ведущий научный сотрудник, </p><p>г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kolchunov Vladimir Iv., Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Engineering Graphics and Computer Modeling; Leading Researcher,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vlik52@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет (НИУ МГСУ); Научно-исследовательский институт строительной физики Российской академии архитектуры и строительных наук</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (NIU MGSU); Research Institute of Construction Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колчунов В.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колчунов В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolchunov V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://construction.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/690">https://construction.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/690</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассмотрены различные аспекты проблемы оценки раскрытия трещин в железобетоне, опираясь на экспериментальные данные, полученные в исследованиях последних лет. Автором предложена классификация типов трещин, введен ряд новых гипотез, установленных экспериментально эффектов деформирования железобетона в зоне трещин. Сформулированные на этой основе принципы включают схемы распределение силовых потоков между трещинами, понятие о прогрессирующих магистральных трещинах и деформационном эффекте в железобетоне - специальном двухконсольном элементе в местной области около берегов трещины, новые обобщенные гипотезы, теоремы и функционалы о линейных и угловых деформациях сжатой и растянутой зон сечений железобетонных элементов на всех уровнях упруго-пластического деформирования. Предложенная модель составных стержней в виде единичных полосок для определения жесткости участка железобетона с пересекающимися трещинами позволила на порядок сократить дифференциальные уравнения теории составных стержней. Установлена связь и приведены аналитические зависимости для перемещений в трещине c раскрытием и сдвигом ее берегов, определен главный вектор перемещений и угол равнодействующей усилий в арматуре, пересекающей трещину. Построены расчетные зависимости для определения уровневых расстояний между трещинами и ширины раскрытия трещин. В рамках общей методологии рассматриваемой проблемы раскрытия трещин в железобетоне с использованием сформулированных принципов построена общая комбинированная численно – аналитическая модель строительной механики железобетона (МРМС), учитывающая деформационный эффект в трещине, моделируемый двухконсольным элементом (ДКЭ), типы трещин, пространственную поверхность распределения деформаций в сечении с трещиной и другие установленные экспериментально особенности механики железобетона.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discusses various aspects of the problem of assessing crack opening in reinforced concrete based on experimental data obtained in recent studies. The author proposed a classification of crack types, introduced a number of new hypotheses, established experimentally the effects of deformation of reinforced concrete in the crack zone. The principles formulated on their basis include schemes for the distribution of force flows between cracks, the concept of progressing main cracks and the deformation effect in reinforced concrete - a special two-console element in the local region near the crack banks, new generalized hypotheses, theorems and functionals about linear and angular deformations of the compressed and tensile zones of reinforced concrete element sections at all levels of elastic-plastic deformation. The proposed model of composite rods in the form of single strips for determining the stiffness of a section of reinforced concrete with intersecting cracks has made it possible to reduce the differential equations of the theory of composite rods by an order of magnitude when solving such problems. The connection is established and analytical dependences for displacements in the crack with opening and shear of the crack banks are given. The main vector of displacements and the angle of equidirectional forces in the reinforcement crossing the crack are determined. Calculated dependences for determining the level distances between cracks and crack opening widths are constructed. Within the framework of the general methodology of the considered problem of crack opening in reinforced concrete, using the formulated principles, a general combined numerical-analytical model of the structural mechanics of reinforced concrete is constructed, which takes into account the deformation effect in the crack modeled by a double cantilever element, the types of cracks, the spatial surface of strain distribution in the cross section with the crack and other experimentally determined features of the mechanics of reinforced concrete, cracks types, spatial surface of strain distribution in the cross-section with a crack and other experimentally determined features of reinforced concrete mechanics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эффект железобетона</kwd><kwd>гипотезы</kwd><kwd>расчетные модели</kwd><kwd>деформационный эффект</kwd><kwd>ширина раскрытия трещин</kwd><kwd>двухконсольный элемент</kwd><kwd>численно-аналитический метод</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reinforced concrete effect</kwd><kwd>hypotheses</kwd><kwd>computational models</kwd><kwd>deformation effect</kwd><kwd>crack opening width</kwd><kwd>two-concole element</kwd><kwd>numerical-analytical method</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gintaris Kaklauskas, Aleksandr Sokolov, Karolis Sakalauskas Strain compliance crack model for RC beams: primary versus secondary cracks // Engineering Structures, 281 (2023) 115770</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gintaris Kaklauskas, Aleksandr Sokolov, Karolis Sakalauskas Strain compliance crack model for RC beams: primary versus secondary cracks. 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