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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">construction</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Строительство и реконструкция</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Building and Reconstruction</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7416</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Орловский государственный университет имени И.С. Тургенева</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33979/2073-7416-2022-102-4-112-131</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">construction-512</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АРХИТЕКТУРА И ГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN-PLANNING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЭТАПЫ И АРХИТЕКТУРНЫЕ СТИЛИ В ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИИ И СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ ОБОЛОЧЕК И ОБОЛОЧЕЧНЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>STAGES AND ARCHITECTURAL STYLES IN DESIGN AND BUILDING OF SHELLS AND SHELL STRUCTURES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривошапко</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivoshapko</surname><given-names>Sergei N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">sn_krivoshapko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кристиан</surname><given-names>А. Бок</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Christian</surname><given-names>A. Bock</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">hyengbock@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жиль-Улбе</surname><given-names>Матье</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gil-Oulbé</surname><given-names>Mathieu</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gil-oulbem@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сельскохозяйственный и технический государственный университет Северной Каролины</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>131</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кривошапко С.Н., Кристиан А.Б., Жиль-Улбе М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кривошапко С.Н., Кристиан А.Б., Жиль-Улбе М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krivoshapko S.N., Christian A.B., Gil-Oulbé M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://construction.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/512">https://construction.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/512</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье кратко изложены архитектурные стили, конструктивные решения, сведения об истории появления конструкционных строительных материалов и проанализированы этапы увлечения тонкостенными пространственными большепролетными сооружениями. Особое внимание уделено установлению точных дат в хронологии появления стилей, конструктивных решений и появлении первых сооружений соответствующих стилей и их авторов. Описаны выявленные причины разрушения некоторых знаковых пространственных сооружений и как эти аварии и разрушения повлияли на дальнейшее проектирование и строительство сооружений аналогичного типа. Приведены, в основном, положительные высказывания известных архитекторов о месте оболочечных сооружений в промышленном, гражданском и жилищном строительстве в настоящее время. На основании опубликованных в специализированных изданиях материалов охарактеризованы разновидности подходов архитекторов к проектированию пространственных сооружений. Показано усиление интереса дизайнеров и архитекторов к проектированию оболочек, очерченных по аналитически незадаваемым поверхностям и в форме многогранников и складок. Установлено, что в наше время архитектура из стержневого металла получила свое дальнейшее развитие и стала конкурентом железобетона. В XXI веке стальные сетчатые и структурные оболочки стали одним из главных средств формообразования авангардных зданий. Сейчас у архитектора и инженера-проектировщика имеется большой потенциал в выборе формы, материала, методов расчета, конструктивных решений, стилей и примеров применения большепролетных тонкостенных оболочечных конструкций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In a paper, architectural styles, constructive solutions, information on the history of appearance of structural building materials are briefly set forth and the stages of passion of thin-walled space large-span erections are analyzed. Particular attention is given to establishment of the exact dates in the chronology of appearance of styles, constructive solutions, and in the dates of erection of the first shells of corresponding styles and their authors. Elicit reasons of destructions of some well-known space structures are described and the influence of these destructions and damages for the subsequent designing and building of analogous type is analyzed. It is adduced, in general, positive views of noted architects on the role of shell structures in industrial, public, and civil building at present time. On the basis of the manuscripts published in specialized editions, varieties of points of view of architects to designing space structures are characterized. It was shown that interest of designers and architects in designing of shells in the form of analytically non-given surfaces, polyhedrons, and hipped plate structures is intensively extending. At present, bar metal architecture obtained subsequent development and came to be competitor for reinforcement concrete. In the XXI century, steel net and structural shells are the main means of forming vanguard buildings. Now, architects and structural engineers have wide potential in the selection of form, building material, methods of strength analysis, constructive solutions, styles, and examples of application of large-span thin-walled shell structures. All conclusions of the present work are corroborated by the results of researches containing in 54 references.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>большепролетные пространственные сооружения</kwd><kwd>оболочки</kwd><kwd>архитектурные стили</kwd><kwd>конструкционные строительные материалы</kwd><kwd>аналитические поверхности в архитектуре</kwd><kwd>хронология архитектурных стилей</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>large-span spatial erection</kwd><kwd>shell</kwd><kwd>grid system</kwd><kwd>architectural style</kwd><kwd>structural building materials</kwd><kwd>analytical surfaces in architecture</kwd><kwd>chronology of architectural styles</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Касьянов Н.В. К проблеме эволюции пространственных форм архитектуры в контексте научно-технологических достижений // Academia. 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